IFR Approach Procedures\
FAR 91.175 – Takeoff and Landing under IFR
FAR Part 97
Approach Types
Precision Approaches
APV – LP, LPV, LNAV/VNAV
ILS
Localizer + glideslope
Non-Precision Approaches
LNAV LNAV+V
LOC
Localizer only
VOR
Horizontal guidance on VOR radial
RNAV
RAIM required – LNAV, LNAV+V
WAAS required – LP, LPV, LNAV/VNAV
Required Navigation Performance (RNP)
- RNP AR – Authorization Required
- Calculate RNP
Approach Plates
TPP
Categories
A B C D
1 2 3 ILS
DME Arcs
Start turns 1/2 mile before intersecting radial
Clearance
FAR 91.173
Expect Approach
- On IFR flight plan pilots can request a specific IAP at the destination
- If available, ATC will tell pilot to expect an approach
- Load approach into FMS, ensure GPS routing is correct
- Direct To waypoint on GPS flight plan vs GPS approach PROC
ABBC
ATIS/AWOS
Build COM NAV GPS minimums
Brief
Checklist
Cleared for Approach AIM 4-8-1
“callsign cleared for type/rwy approach into airport –
turn heading and descend altitude to intercept final approach course”
Approach Briefing
Descent
Descent Checklist
- Load and verify approach
- Brief approach
- ID and set VOR/LOC
- Runway in use – circling?
Passing Approach Fix
- Bug next descent altitude
- Bug DA/MDA
Configure for Landing
- Before Landing checklist, 10° flaps, switch to VOR/LOC
- 1/2 mile before Final Approach Fix or –
- 1/2 deflection under glideslope
- Reduce and maintain airspeed, start timer
Procedure Turn (PT)
Course Reversal
SHARP TT No Procedure Turn
Straight In
Holding in lieu
Arc of DME
Radar Vectors
NoPT
Teardrop
Timed Approach
Approach Minimums
FAR 91.175(c) – Operation below DA/DH or MDA
Visual Descent Point (VDP)
Calculate VDP
HATHeight Above Touchdown
minimums ‘AGL
–––––
300Glideslipe 3°
= distance in NM from runway
to missed approach point* subtract this value from DME
Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA)
Decision Altitude (DA)
Circling Approach
- Use MFD range ring or NRST page to maintain 1.3nm from runway
- Expanded circling minimums TPP
Missed Approach
5 Cs
Cramfull throttle
Climb74 KIAS
Cleanflaps, mixture
Clickdeactivate SUSP
Callmandatory report